La modernisation commerciale à Hanoi : entre émergence mondialisée et réalités vernaculaires
Author: Pham, Si Dung
Under the direction of: Philippe Dugot
University of Toulouse-Jean Jaurès
Texte français
Keywords: Geography, Vietnam, Hanoi, Metropolization, Commercial modernization, Traditional trade, Modern trade, Commercial urban planning, Shops - location, Economic conditions.
Abstract
After the Đổi Mới (Renewal - economic reform of Việt Nam applied since 1986), we observe a strong urban growth of the country, during the last 20 years, as an « engine of the Vietnamese economy », a source of wealth, modernity and of civilization. The thesis approaches this urban emergence of Hanoi under the angle of the commercial activities which permit to appreciate well the socio-economic and cultural facts of the territory. Moreover, with its participation in urban production, trade permit to understand the transformations in the forms and methods of the making of the city. In this work, the emergence of the city is discussed from the point of view of commercial activities in the process of modernization which is marked by the irruption of new commercial forms called modern (retail of « grande distribution » and electronic commerce) and the transformation of existing so-called traditional commercial forms (the market, small shop of compartment and street vending). The research results point out that the frenetic growth of modern trade goes hand in hand with the resilience of traditional trade in the coexistence between these two types of retail with competition, complementarity and mutual hybridization. Commercial modernization shows the emergence of a consumer society and modern values, in this case universality, individualization and identification, which seems to signal the fundamental upheavals of Vietnamese society influenced by confucianism and socialism. At the same time, from a trade perspective, there is clearly an unequal modernization. In addition, the resistance of traditional commercial activities, the cultural resistance illustrated by the consumption habit of the inhabitants in traditional retail show a cultural resistance to planetary standardization. In the urban fabric, trade plays an important role in the animation, the urbanity of the city. On the contrary, it also shows and aggravates urban dysfunctions with serious social and environmental consequences. Trade urban planning, which is a significant piece of the solution, is examined to remedy these urbanistic facts and move towards more sustainable urban growth.
